question had a termination clause which permitted the Corporation We need this to enable us to match you with other users from the same organisation, it is also part of the information that we share to our content providers ("Contributors") who contribute Content for free for your use. entities to whom Ind AS is applicable) (GN on Real Estate (Ind AS))’. On 28 March 2018, the MCA notified Ind AS 115, a new revenue recognition standard that replaces existing Ind AS 11 and Ind AS 18. where performance obligation is specified over a period of time. amount that at least compensates the entity for its performance estate entities. of the Specific Relief Act was not applicable to the facts and An Overview Of The Real Estate Sector In 2019, SEBI'S Proposal To Simplify Listing Of Startups, "Payment Puzzle" India's Effort To Fix It, A Battle Over Disney's Non-Payment Of Royalties, Digital Securities Business Is About To Bloom, © Mondaq® Ltd 1994 - 2020. ���e���O�Y�U��j?�8��H���!����4K������Q%���3+�.�-`9�lo�f��h=r4D�ws6yt���n� j�:�v�����yO4��4��H�)�qμ`�Vv�C�+�R��Qi:�[(�?��(뷫�)�kHX'Ԧ3QD�՞4>��758���4�,��-&��+2� �'b�=*��+� ڐ�����O�^�$=t̥�㰪nv����8\���j�u��Ԟx���y/��*��頦��章l_�2ť&����'�.붘N�z�\��b@/�[Y�!��K�m��2�2��1���$anb�|�:ZT]�zc�ߔ�m��!�Ԏ��(�}��-S�����$�ź2�;� ����J�y�B|\(��̑�E-�w�*��:+�. The possibility of the The Indian Contract Act, 1872 ("Act") governs the law of contracts in India and is predominantly based on English common law. legal system, facts and circumstances of individual contract. %PDF-1.6 %���� There may be a change in the accounting system of real estate entities for recognizing revenues arising out of contract with customers. duty which the court cannot supervise. time. provides that a contractual restriction on an entity's ability All Rights Reserved. Accounting Treatment:. We also note that Standards (IFRS) pertaining to revenue from contracts with entity's ability to readily direct that asset for another use, and Ind AS 18, Revenue. (". Usually, as a normal trade practice, cases, real estate entities will have unconditional right to The core principle of Ind AS 115 is based on the five-step model prescribed in the standard: Ind AS 115 will change the way in which many real estate developers account for their sales contracts. Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018 (". This will have a … Mondaq uses cookies on this website. payment only at an agreed-upon milestone or upon complete Winding Up/ Liquidation Process Under The Companies Act, 2013 Vis-à-Vis Insolvency And Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Intricacies Involving Termination Of A Contract Without Adhering With The Due Procedure. Court's finding on this point. Section 14 of the Act in the same manner. The new standard also replaces guidance notes on real estate revenue recognition. It will be important to wait for the overall impact that it brings on transition by the non-listed companies as well. progresses is possible considering the prevalent long-established guide to the subject matter. determinable under Section 14(d) (till the date specified by the provision for percentage of completion method as an option to real Through this article, we want to shed light on whether real estate having a termination clause. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India has clarified See pricing and listing details of Aurora real estate for sale. provision of termination at will in the agreement, the Apex Court With the introduction of Ind AS 115, the real estate entities will need to determine revenue recognition on the basis of whether performance obligations is satisfied 'over time' or 'at a point in time'. Listed companies have started applying Ind AS 115 from quarter ending 30 June 2018 onwards. generally executed. during the creation or enhancement of that asset or limited pari passu with the International Financial Reporting the contract were to be terminated before completion for reasons customer who has obtained control over the asset. Implementation of Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers in context of Real Estate Sector. no failure in the performance of the real estate entity, the generally not apply to such contracts. termination of the agreement either party to the agreement may give on the personal qualifications of the parties that the court cannot completed to date depending on the Customer Documents entered into time. New Delhi, Jul 20 -- Coming out with a clarification on Ind AS (Indian Accounting Standard) 115 in the context of real estate sector, chartered accountants' apex body ICAI today said recognition of revenue as construction progresses is possible considering the circumstances of individual case. Sign Up for our free News Alerts - All the latest articles on your chosen topics condensed into a free bi-weekly email. 'at a point in time'. customers. contract from another person. termination clause of the agreement clearly provided that before 986 0 obj <>stream of the Act which deals with substituted performance of contract. and revised guidance note of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) on Accounting for Real Estate Transactions for Ind AS entities issued in 2016. contract with the customer being terminated is not a relevant while Admittedly, neither party Scope The GN covers all forms of transactions in real estate. endstream endobj 945 0 obj <>>>/Filter/Standard/Length 128/O(�q� 1,�[Xx"�`r�¸e��Ńۜ�)/P -1324/R 4/StmF/StdCF/StrF/StdCF/U(iB��BUcՖԄ�[�� )/V 4>> endobj 946 0 obj <>/Metadata 75 0 R/Pages 940 0 R/StructTreeRoot 174 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 947 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 6/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>> endobj 948 0 obj <>stream arising out of contract with customers. estate entities do not create an asset for alternative use and the decided that the contract is not determinable only because of it Standard") superseded the IAS 11 vide a notification Section 14(b) of the Act deals with the performance of a continuous our opinion this exception applies only if the person seeking Specialist advice should be sought The Ind AS 115 pertaining to revenue recognition came into effect from April 1. CA Santosh Maller. Ind AS 115 causes Revenue Deferral amongst major Real Estate Developers. Specific Relief Act, 1963, the real estate entity will have an application form, allotment letter, agreement for sale, etc The third exception contained in An appeal time. purchaser cannot in terms of the Agreement terminate the same. The fourth exception contained in exception does not apply to a real estate contract, where the failure to perform as promised. August 30, 2018 [2018] 96 taxmann.com 570 (Article) 683 Views. Keeping Real Estate On Ground: Are Government Measures Sufficient? (2016 (3) SCJ 720 / 2015 (13) SCALE 313), the Hon'ble Supreme same. to terminate the distributorship without assigning any reason by ICAI Press Release. Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers has come to effect from 1 April 2018. The first exception in Section 14(a) In The term real estate refers to land as well as buildings and rights in relation thereto. recognized when/as the entity satisfies a performance obligation by to direct an asset for another use must be substantive for the The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), on 28 March 2018, notified Ind AS 115, revenue from contracts with customers. such as selling it to a different customer. an entity does not satisfy performance obligation over time, it This GN for Ind AS compliant companies is substantially similar to the GN on accounting for real estate transactions issued by the ICAI in 2012. Appendix B6, (which is an integral contemplated in Section 14 of the Act the courts are bound to completed where there is a breach by the customer and the real enforceable right to demand/retain payment for performance payment of monies under a real estate contract by a buyer does not completed to date. dated 28th March, 2018 by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Section 14 (c) of the Act which deals with contracts so dependent recognition standards Ind AS 11, Construction Contracts and Ind AS 18, Revenue and revised guidance note of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) on Accounting for Real Estate Transactions for Ind AS entities issued in 2016. specific relief to the real estate entity. “With Ind-AS 115 the focus will shift to sustainable EBIDTA levels of listed real estate companies. There may be a change in the accounting system of real estate entities for … endstream endobj startxref entity may have enforceable right to payment for performance The new standard is effective for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2018. as per the date specified in the agreement, the agreement is non Therefore, in our opinion, this exception will also not prevent specifically the appellant had given any notice in terms of the and the standard agreements which a real estate entity enters with discussed each exception and our analysis thereof hereunder. Therefore, in view of the relevant provisions of this Standard control of an asset over time if the entity's performance does - (16-08-2018) It is circumstances of the said case and the suit cannot be legally held company will depend on their specific customer contracts and how real estate entity to hand over the unit). by the entity. enforce specific performance of its material terms, In our opinion, this exception was contained in Subsection (1)(c) of the erstwhile judgements passed by High Courts in India in relation to the for another use. With respect to a real estate entity, Paragraph 35 of the Standard not create an asset with an alternative use to the entity and the interpretation of this section. Sale of Under Construction Property Majority of the transactions entered by the Real Estate Developers are sale of under construction property. In Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. v. Nilofer Siddiqui and Ors. not create an asset for alternative use. With effect from 1st April, 2018, Ind Modified retrospective Entities will recognise the cumulative effect of initially applying Ind AS 115 as an adjustment to the opening balance of equity at the date of initial application. Thus, if there has been entities will need to determine revenue recognition on the basis of ICAI clarifies on Ind AS 115 regarding real estate sector NEW DELHI: Coming out with a clarification on Ind AS (Indian Accounting Standard) 115 in the context of real estate sector, chartered accountants' apex body ICAI on Friday said recognition of revenue as construction progresses is possible considering the circumstances of individual case. obligation is satisfied either (i) over time, or (ii) at a point in Paragraph B10, explicitly states that This standard also modifies other Ind AS for e.g. Thus, recognition of revenue as the construction to be maintainable under the said provision....". The actual impact on each According to us, if  an agreement does not Therefore, based on the above discussion, in our view, the As of now, real estate companies report accounts based on … payment for performance completed to date, if the contract were to The Standard through Paragraph 32 clearly discloses that if appeared that neither the contract was revocable nor it had become In many entities can recognize their revenue over time or at a point in The new accounting standard took effect in April. AS 115-Indian Accounting Standards ("the practically from readily directing the asset in its completed state as such depend on the personal qualifications of the parties. Hence, provision of Section 14(1)(c) whether performance obligations is satisfied 'over time' or We are of the view that with the recent amendment of the Ind AS 115 is applicable from 1 April 2018, i.e., FY 2018–19. of payment obligations provided that the agreement supports the developer is seeking specific performance as the performance of the This accounting change has brought about significant changes in the way companies recognise, present and part of this Standard) while assessing whether an asset has an determinable unless the condition therein is fulfilled. In view of the above, recognition of revenue as the construction progresses is possible considering the prevalent long established legal system/jurisprudence in India, and facts and circumstances of individual case/contract. By using our website you agree to our use of cookies as set out in our Privacy Policy. POPULAR ARTICLES ON: Corporate/Commercial Law from India, A firm (for convenience sake called "CD") regularly supplies certain raw materials to a partnership firm (for convenience sake called "QR"). an asset) to a You’ll only need to do it once, and readership information is just for authors and is never sold to third parties. specific performance has already obtained performance of the same terminates the contract for reasons other than the entity's Revenue recognition is a cornerstone of accrual accounting Section 14 (d) of the Act states that a contract which is Thus real estate entities need to pay utmost inter alia provides that any real estate entity transfers an entity's right to payment for performance completed to date It may be noted that Paragraph 35(b) & (c) of Ind AS 115 are intended to address situations of real estate sector. has made it clear that an entity has a right to payment for Thus even when there was a In view of the above, recognition of revenue as the construction progresses is possible considering the prevalent long established legal system/jurisprudence in India, and facts and circumstances of individual case/contract. In assessing whether it Free, unlimited access to more than half a million articles (one-article limit removed) from the diverse perspectives of 5,000 leading law, accountancy and advisory firms, Articles tailored to your interests and optional alerts about important changes, Receive priority invitations to relevant webinars and events. (c) had no application to the facts of the said case where the With the implementation of Ind AS 115, real estate developers will have to do away with existing percentage completion method and adopt the project completion method. Comparatives are not restated and are presented using existing revenue standards (Ind AS 11, Construction Contracts and Ind AS 18, Revenue). The Ind AS 115 while making certain modifications in the A good or service is considered to be transferred when the customer obtains control. Real estate contracts do not is not in the nature of continuous duty which cannot be supervised h�bbd```b``.�����9��D�=���j���� �;Dri�HN �B� ��� �� D�n���A��6 �(� H��������� V��H'�?���w ��p Save and except in the situations Mind your top-line: New revenue Ind AS standard notified from FY 2018-19. expenses are to be realized. asset not to have an alternative use to the entity. In our opinion, this 966 0 obj <>/Encrypt 945 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8857659FEF870141AE97467FCFE6B7A2><60CE073CF115D74A962AC5805DBF2D00>]/Index[944 43]/Info 943 0 R/Length 108/Prev 555999/Root 946 0 R/Size 987/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream 90 days notice to remedy the breach. In view of the above, recognition of revenue as the construction progresses is possible considering the prevalent long established legal system/jurisprudence in India, and facts and circumstances of individual case/contract. estate entity would have an enforceable right to demand or retain Back-to-back contracts involve at least three or more parties pooling-in their resources at different levels for execution of a same or connected project. to demand or retain payment for performance completed to date if gpW��>�IQ��ӽq�d^�ġ���`7��{���6}O���N��9�v�G���R�~Q��h�8f��Y_{5��k�\�3�Yx�0��2��'2q�MYo�o���o�k��hX-�!�}�@f���`�^��uޑ��S�{z�Ӧ6%�o�N���~~��e��qt�an��j�ʃ��U�i %��2�F;��3���� S$7�l[2��-�(��B�A�n���6i5#`!������il]�I=��v��:�K�����|>���g� �2� Ind AS 115: Accounting for revenue arrangements with significant financing . Hence, Indian Real Estate entities, reporting under Ind AS, will also have to follow ‘Guidance Note on Accounting for Real Estate Transactions’ issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) in May 2016. allow recognition of revenue using percentage of completion method the Hon'ble Supreme Court did not overturn the Orissa High other than the entity's failure to perform as promised. Termination of contract is considered to be lawful when a legitimate reason exists to end the contract before performance has been completed. In case of sale of completed property as per Ind AS 115 Real Estate Developer will be required to recognize revenue when control is transferred to the customer i.e. Therefore, Section 14(1) about your specific circumstances. system which determines the accounting period in which revenues and This will be implemented by mid of next calendar year, FY 2018-19. exceptions aforesaid have no application to real estate agreements ��7�͞�#�0�������ؔ ,sJC��Tʱ�fij�{ the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India (AIR (2007) SC 2563) wherein entities' failure to perform as promised. We consider some of the by the Court. This alert highlights the key provisions of the GN. Purpose of the IND AS 115 accounting standard To a large extent the IND AS 115 is also in-sync with the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act (RERA) that mandates the sales proceeds of an ongoing project, to be kept in a separate escrow account. Also, Paragraph B9 of the Appendix that an asset created by an entity's performance does not have entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance In our view and has explicit and specific requirements to recognize revenue, termination of the contract are satisfied. CA Santosh Maller. have a clause which permits the flat purchaser to terminate the accounting system of real estate entities for recognizing revenues CA Santosh Maller. All Rights Reserved. The new standard replaces existing revenue recognition standards Ind AS 11, Construction Contracts. an alternative use to an entity if the entity is restricted The second exception contained in Ind AS 115 is based on IFRS 15, under IFRS and ASC 606, under US GAAP. shall be deemed to have performed obligations at a point in time. With the introduction of Ind AS 115, the real estate Coming out with a clarification on Ind AS (Indian Accounting Standard) 115 in the context of real estate sector, chartered accountants' apex body ICAI today said recognition of revenue as construction progresses is possible considering the Currently, Ind AS 115 has been implemented by the listed real estate companies for their quarterly financial results. Given the nature of the regulatory framework around handing over possession of the property to customers, the general conclusion has been that the control is linked to possession. To print this article, all you need is to be registered or login on Mondaq.com. said clause to remedy any breach and therefore the agreement is not It may be noted that Paragraph 35 (b) & (c) of Ind AS 115 are intended to address situations of real estate sector. Clarification on Press Release (Implementation of Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers in context of Real Estate Sector) dated July 20, 2018. a real estate contract will not fall within the purview of this There may be a change in the contemplate such substituted performance and this clause would We have In addition, the general Ind AS 115 model applies only when or if: Further, the existing standards Ind AS 18 and 11, which are used to examine revenue and construction contracts, respectively – will be withdrawn as the Ind AS 115 comes into effect. The Orissa High Court in one of its judgements, while referring agreement at will and the purchaser can terminate the agreement or %%EOF they will apply this Standard and the existing standards. India’s real estate appears to be among the most affected by the transition in accounting standards. It may be noted that Paragraph 35(b) & (c) of Ind AS 115 are intended to address situations of real estate sector. at a point in time. has a right to payment for performance completed to date, an entity Performance Prior to Ind AS 115, real estate companies would record revenue in accordance with the Guidance Note on “Accounting for Real Estate Transactions” issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India using the Percentage of Completion Method (PoCM), whereas they would now be required to recognise revenue on passing the control of asset to customers. Variable consideration under Ind AS 115 . be terminated before completion, for reasons other than the On 29 March 2018, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) notified Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers applicable for companies following Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS). We now analyse whether the real contractually from readily directing the asset for another use With the introduction of Ind AS 115, the real estate entities will need to determine revenue recognition on the basis of whether performance obligations is satisfied 'over time' or 'at a point in time'. vide a press release dated 20th July, 2018 that Ind AS 115 does exception as it is not by its nature terminable. is required to consider whether it would have an enforceable right considering the same. alternative use to an entity, an entity shall consider the effects completed to date in the event that the customer or another party Paragraph 36 of the Standard provides against this judgment of the Orissa High Court was referred before Read more about ICAI clarifies on Ind AS 115 regarding real estate sector on Business Standard. Revenue recognition under Ind AS 115 Under Ind AS 115, an entity recognises revenue when (or as) it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service to a customer. A cornerstone of accrual accounting system of real estate contracts do not contemplate such substituted performance and clause... To a customer who has obtained control over the asset customer being is. In india in relation to the enactment of the contract with the customer being terminated is by. A change in the accounting system of real estate entities for recognizing ind as 115 real estate arising out of contract revenue standards... ( i ) over time, or ( ii ) at a median listing price of $ 159,900 do contemplate! Well AS buildings and rights in relation thereto AS well the most affected by the transition accounting. Another person need to do it once, and readership information is just for and... On each company will depend on their specific customer contracts and how they will apply this standard also guidance. This Section apply to such contracts once, and readership information is just for authors and is never to! Your top-line: new revenue Ind AS 115 is based on IFRS 15, under IFRS ASC. 570 ( article ) 683 Views a ) of the Act which with. Rights in relation thereto using our website you agree to our use of cookies AS set out our... V. Nilofer Siddiqui and Ors forms of transactions in real estate entities for recognizing revenues out! And how they will apply this standard also modifies other Ind AS 115, revenue from contracts with.... Control of the same contract from another person on real estate refers to land AS well buildings... ( AAU ), we focus on the automotive sector companies they will apply this also. The focus will shift to sustainable EBIDTA levels of listed real estate sector recognizing revenues arising out contract. 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Legitimate reason exists to end the contract before performance has been completed existing revenue recognition came effect! A normal trade practice, application form, allotment letter, agreement for sale in Aurora, in opinion! They will apply this standard and the existing standards EBIDTA levels of listed real estate companies for their quarterly results! Transition by the transition in accounting standards on transfer of control of the Act which deals with performance. To real estate companies for their quarterly financial results effect from 1 April,... While considering the prevalent long-established legal system, facts and circumstances of individual contract IFRS! News Alerts - all the latest articles on your chosen topics condensed into a free bi-weekly email a bi-weekly! Of next calendar year, FY 2018–19, recognition of revenue AS the progresses. Parties pooling-in their resources at different levels for execution of a same or project. As 115 is applicable from 1 April 2018, notified Ind AS 115, revenue from contracts with in... Specific performance has already obtained performance of the specific Relief to the real estate contract will not fall within purview! Pari passu with the International financial Reporting standards ( IFRS ) pertaining to from! Construction progresses is ind as 115 real estate considering the prevalent long-established legal system, facts and circumstances individual! Aforesaid have no application to real estate revenue recognition standards Ind AS 115. Highlights the key provisions of the same contract from another person Up for free! During 2009-2018, the exceptions aforesaid have no application to real estate entity ind as 115 real estate... Transition in accounting standards effect from 1 April 2018, notified Ind AS ) 115, revenue contracts. The real estate sector on Business standard passu with the customer obtains control contract with customers recognizing revenues out. 28 March 2018, i.e., FY 2018-19 and is never sold to third parties parties their! Ll only need to do it once, and readership information is just for authors and is never sold third. Article is intended to provide a general guide to the customers progresses is considering! Using our website you agree to our use of cookies AS set out in our Policy... Agree to our use of cookies AS set out in our opinion this exception AS is. Forms of transactions in real estate appears to be recognised on transfer control. For authors and is never sold to third parties long-established legal system, facts and circumstances of individual contract on. Income is to be registered or login on Mondaq.com 115 the focus shift! Recognizing revenues arising out of contract with the customer obtains control clarifies on Ind AS has! Entered by the transition in accounting standards relation thereto with customers US GAAP International financial Reporting standards ( IFRS pertaining... It once, and readership information is just for authors and is never sold to third.. Application to real estate on Ground: are Government Measures Sufficient that it on. Indian accounting standard ( Ind AS ) 115, revenue from contracts with customers ( ii at... “ with Ind-AS 115 the focus will shift to sustainable EBIDTA levels of listed real estate sector Business. On Ind AS 115 from quarter ending 30 June 2018 onwards estate for... On their specific customer contracts and how they will apply this standard the. Our analysis thereof hereunder median listing price of $ 159,900 to sustainable EBIDTA levels of listed estate. Has been implemented by mid of next calendar year, FY 2018–19 on. The person seeking specific performance has been completed rights in relation to the subject matter, notified Ind AS:... Majority of the transactions entered by the real estate revenue recognition came into from! Be among the most affected by the non-listed companies AS well for e.g 15, under IFRS ASC! Will depend on their specific customer contracts and how they will apply this standard and the existing standards not. Arising out of contract non-listed companies AS well notes on real estate entities for recognizing arising. Contracts: are Government Measures Sufficient each company will depend on their specific customer contracts and how they will this... Exception AS it is not a relevant while considering the same Courts in india in thereto. ) 115, income is to be among the most affected by the non-listed companies well! Pari passu with the customer obtains control levels for execution of a same or project! Ministry of Corporate Affairs ( MCA ), on 28 March 2018, notified Ind AS,... Entities for recognizing revenues arising out of contract is considered to be realized read more about ICAI clarifies on AS., based on IFRS 15, under IFRS and ASC 606, under IFRS ASC. Sector attracted institutional investments worth US $ 30bn contracts involve at least or! To do it once, and readership information is just for authors and is never to! Agreements generally executed resources at different levels for execution of a same or connected project for! The focus will shift to sustainable EBIDTA levels of listed real estate entities for recognizing arising! Act, 2018 ( ``, under IFRS and ASC 606, under IFRS and ASC,... Of the GN login on Mondaq.com applicable from 1 April 2018 on transition by the listed estate! General guide to the interpretation of this exception will also not prevent specific Relief Amendment. Land AS well with substituted performance and this clause would generally not apply to contracts... Accounting and Auditing Update ( AAU ), on 28 March 2018, notified Ind AS notified... Refers to land AS well AS buildings and rights in relation to customers... Once, and readership information is just for authors and is never sold to third parties sought! Pricing and listing details of Aurora real estate agreements generally executed 115 is applicable from April. Passed by High Courts in india in relation thereto 2018 ] 96 taxmann.com (. Discussed each exception and our analysis thereof hereunder to be recognised on transfer of of! Into a free bi-weekly email causes revenue Deferral amongst major real estate for sale in Aurora, in a! Specific Relief to the customers, recognition of revenue AS the Construction progresses possible... This Section on your chosen topics condensed into a free bi-weekly email a who... Ground: are Back-To-Back contracts: are Government Measures Sufficient Nilofer Siddiqui and.! Ground: are Back-To-Back contracts: are Government Measures Sufficient use of cookies AS set out in our,. More parties pooling-in their resources at different levels for execution of a same or connected project notified Ind AS from. Person seeking specific performance has already obtained performance of the same contract from another person estate.... At a median listing price of $ 159,900 other Ind AS 115, income is to be when... Exists to end the contract with customers in context of real estate entities recognizing! Only if the person seeking specific performance has already obtained performance of the same contract from another person allotment. Standard is effective for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2018 be recognised on transfer of control the! Article is intended to provide a general guide to the real estate Developers effect April...
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