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In winter, theres hardly any rain and humidity is low. Last year, the district recorded a 98 per cent reduction in maize production, compared to 2018 and the five-year average. The rain can be cooling, unlike in the humid tropics. Some bridges have been submerged in the same area, hampering access. Around 70% of the Zambian thicket has been lost to land clearing and at the present rate the rest will vanish within 20 years. Safaris & Tours, Botswana The Llanos of Columbia is characterized by mean annual rainfall of 200cm-400cm (near Andes Mountain), mean annual temperature of 22C, and maximum temperature of 32C. Such communities are said to be edaphic, and are found on grey dambo soils, black floodplain soils and Kalahari sands. Relief rainfall occurs in all altitudes; Rain occurs on the Windward side and little/no rain on the leeward slope. What are active, dormant and extinct volcanoes? Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the chief determinant of type and distribution of the ecoregions of Zambia. Rough estimates of the percentage of the country covered as given below are for the original or natural state of the area before urbanisation and agriculture has modified it. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. National Parks of the country like the Luangwa National Park, Kafue National Park, etc., act as wildlife havens. [4][citation needed], The ability to grow enough food in the rainy season to last the long dry season is also a factor in population distribution. Through Strategic National Program Support, the PPCR is helping to make climate change an intrinsic part of economic development, while adopting a participatory, learning-by-doing response to Zambia's most vulnerable areas. Sustainable development in the desert The Great Green Wall. A warmer climate with more rainfall means more vegetative cover and more animal action. There are two main seasons: the rainy season (November to April) corresponding to summer, and the dry season (May to October/November), corresponding to winter. (4) J2002 the air above it. When the land warms up, it heats the air above it. As a result, rainfall totals of over 1,600 mm per year occur in the . [1], Rainfall varies over a range of 500 to 1,400mm (19.7 to 55.1in) per year (most areas fall into the range of 700 to 1,200mm or 27.6 to 47.2in). Zambia is considered to be vulnerable to climate change which might lead to more variability in rainfall amounts and length of the rainy season. Stage 1. Most of the rain occurs on the East side of the slope. Three types of rainfall are: Convectional rainfall, this type of rainfall occurs due to thermal convention due to heating of the ground surface. 49. The rainfall here is around 1131 mm | 44.5 inch per year. Q Explain why Sialkot has over 250 mm of rain in July and August? The modifying influence of altitude gives the country pleasant subtropical weather rather than tropical conditions for most of the year. Bush fires range across most of the country in the later dry season, escaping from "chitemene cultivation" and caused by villagers burning off crop residue or hunting, as well as by lightning strikes. Safaris, Zimbabwe Relief rain. As the air rises it cools and condenses. November - An unpredictable month, but usually with some afternoon rain. csee necta questions In Barotseland, people move with their livestock, grazing them on the Barotse Floodplain in the dry season and moving to higher ground at the margins during the rainy season. In the rainy season, winds are localised with thunderstorms and may be destructive but usually confined to small areas, such as blowing roofs off buildings. chemistry Relief rain usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of hills runs along the . The dry season is influenced by the Harmattan wind from the Sahara. The country does not suffer tornadoes or cyclones of widespread destructive force. This indicates that groundwater in Zambia usually has very low concentrations of dissolved constituents (total dissolved solids concentrations are typically less than 200 mg/l). At that time many camps in Kafue, Lower Zambezi and the more remote parks shut down. When it cools to the dew point, clouds form and rain follows.This usually occurs on flat land.This type of rainfall often causes summer showers and thunderstorms.. Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the chief determinant of type and distribution of the ecoregions of Zambia. The River Tees landforms of erosion and deposition, Case Study Ganges/Brahmaputra River Basin, Geological time is on a different time to human time, Different rocks create contrasting landforms and landscapes. The leeward side is sometimes known as a rain shadow area. Zambia is considered to be vulnerable to climate change. Zambia covers a total area of 752,612 km2 including borders, and lies between 8 and 18 south latitudes and longitudes 22 and 34 east. pp (EUR), Zambia: There are reports that more than 2 million people may be affected by the damage to agriculture. She writes for national newspapers, magazines, Rough Guides and Lonely Planet. None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. The coolest area overall is the high Nyika plateau, in the northeast on the border with Malawi. What factors influence the effects and response to tectonic activity? The significance of food, water and energy, An overview of global inequalities in the supply and consumption of resources, Carbon footprints, food miles and moves towards local sourcing of food. During the rainy season months of November to April or May some days may be humid, but daily maximum temperatures are usually a little lower than in the hot dry season. The main patches are in: Most of Zambia (around 80%) is in this extensive biome. Case study 7: Exploring daily rainfall data to investigate evidence of climate change in southern Zambia and its implication for farmers in the area Parin Kurjia, Durton Nanja b, Roger Sternc a Head, Biometry Unit, Department of Crop Science, University of Overview; Climate Data. Species susceptible to trypanosomiasis are not found in such valleys. The moist warm air condenses as it cool which causes cloud and rain. By clicking Accept you agree that we use Analytical cookies for gathering information about how our In addition, dambos (grasslands which become marshy in the rainy season) are prevalent in most of the country and water is usually available in them from springs or shallow wells. Evaporation and rainfall. Heavy rainfall has caused floods in Zambia, displacing hundreds of people and destroying crops in an area already experiencing a shortage of food. The main sites are: The Mopane tree Colophospermum mopane is also a legume and grows in hotter locations than the miombo species, and so Mopane woodlands, covering about 15% of the country, replace southern miombo woodlands at lower elevations in valleys in the south of the country, principally: This ecoregion, covering about 5% of Zambia in the south-west, is dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga, Zambian teak. It rains mostly on the windward slopes. h) Rainfall falls mainly over a short period of time, about 15 - 20 minutes. Tours, Namibia "In the last part of the season, January, February and March, 2021, most parts of Zambia will have a high chance of receiving normal to above normal rainfall. [14] Zambia is considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because the majority of the population rely on agriculture for their livelihoods - and changes in rainfall patterns has a negative impact due to the rainfed nature of production. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, United Nations COVID-19 Emergency Appeal Zambia (May - October 2020), Zambia Humanitarian Appeal, October 2019 - March 2020, ACAPS Briefing Note: Drought Southern Province (11 July 2019), Zambia: Flood in Southern Province - DREF Application (MDRZM019). There are three main types of rainfall, convectional rainfall, relief rainfall and frontal rainfall. necta chemistry past papers If you've found the resources on this page useful please consider making a secure donation via PayPal to support the development of the site. Safaris, Uganda He holds an Honours in Accountancy degree from the University of Zimbabwe. 3.2 Wetlands 3.3 Zambia has Eight Wetlands of International Importance which include, the Kafue Flats . slope and dry conditions on the downwind slope. Humanitarian organizations were already providing life-saving assistance due to drought in some of the areas affected by the floods, especially in southern and western Zambia. and 1,000 B.C. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY [citation needed], Most rivers, lakes and swamps, except in the far south and south-west, are permanent. The process starts when the sun heats the ground. Earlier this month, heavy rains left the Chipata Level One Hospital in the capital, Lusaka, completely flooded, leading to the evacuation of some patients. The country does not suffer tornadoes or cyclones of widespread destructive force. Sue is an award-winning writer who specializes in African travel and conservation. Tours, South Africa Usually the days in November are hot while the nights are a bit cooler. 82.8. western areas. 6 2.1 Climate of Zambia . Hydrol., 59: 173--187. Quetta does not get rain from the summer monsoon winds. The main aspects of the physical environment which determine the biomes and ecoregions of Zambia are: climate, specifically rainfall amount, length of the dry season, and temperature, which is related to elevation; and soils and bushfires. An estimated total of 1,337 Ha of maize, 62 Ha of rice, 612 Ha of cassava and 8 . Clouds form, and precipitation occurs. in effect bring rainfall to the area. So technically, Zambia is a very arid country with a humid and subtropical year with small patches of semi arid steppe. Gwembe District was already facing Emergency (IPC Phase 4) levels of food insecurity due to the worst drought the country has seen since 1981. It makes cumulonimbus clouds. the total land area estimated at 64 million hectares most of which is administered traditional under customary law.The total area of indigenous forest in Zambia is 44.6 million hectares and covers 60 percent of the total land area, out of which 9.6 percent are gazetted forests. You can join us here to take actions to help achieve an end to hunger. Convectional rain. When classified according to the rate of precipitation, rain can be divided into categories. The ITCZ is located north of Zambia in the dry season. Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." Human and physical factors causing river flooding. The average number of hot days1 and hot nights per year in Zambia have increased while the Researched evidence suggested that temperature was likely to increase by 1.82oC and rainfall reduce by 0.87 percentage points by 2050. What are the different types of weathering? Zambia has a sub-tropical climate that is tempered by its relatively high altitude, making it more temperate and pleasant than other sub-tropical areas. In Zambia a sole ecoregion within the biome is represented. Answer (1 of 3): Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. How are Nigerias trading and political relationships changing? Zambia - Zambia - Climate: Although Zambia lies within the tropics, its climate is modified by the altitude of the country and is generally favourable to human settlement and comfort. Zambia also undertook a study which showed that the country has lost Its is believed the Khoisan people groups originated in East Africa and spread southwards around 150,000 years ago. Therefore, a Climate Change Gender Action Plan was published by the government in 2018. kcse past papers These losses reach as high as US$7.1 billion under Zambias worst rainfall scenario. What are the environmental impacts of economic development in Nigeria? Heavy rainfall has driven flash and riverine flooding in Zambia, including in areas previously impacted A The continent is made up of very old Flat maps represent relief in a variety of ways. The western part of Zambia that borders Angola is significantly warmer. Zambia. Agriculture, fishery and forestry, which account for 20 per cent of Zambian GDP, shrunk by 2.6 per cent in 2001. Except for those living in areas of permanent freshwater, animals are adapted to the long dry season, as seen in migration and breeding patterns. j) The highest rainfall is recorded soon after the overhead sun in the months of April and October. View Photos (24) In winter, The temperature here averages 21.0 C | 69.8 F. Lucy is travel writer for a range of publications, including Lonely Planet's guides to Africa, Southern Africa and South Africa. They all help to determine the kind of soils in an area. Where are polar and tundra environments located? While these costly relief efforts have been perceived as a necessity, such short-term interventions have generally precluded support for longer-term development processes, particularly in those areas with dry climate conditions. Elsewhere, from Zambia across Malawi, Zimbabwe and central Mozambique, above average rainfall has favoured conditions suitable for planning and early crop Because the wind meets a high mountain, it is forced to rise upwards. and/or complex terrains. How has hot desert vegetation adapted to the climate? Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. Precipitation is measured using a rain gauge, and more recently remote sensing techniques such as a weather radar. December, January, February & March - The wettest months, with heavy downpours in the afternoon. About our use of cookies, Please select which cookies you would like to keep switched on. The highest rainfall is in the north (about 1200mm - all figures are annual amounts), especially the north-west (1400mm), decreasing towards the south (around 700mm); the driest areas are in the Luangwa and middle Zambezi valleys (500mm). The elevation of the great plateau on which Zambia is located, typically between 1,000 and 1,300 metres (3,281 and 4,265ft), modifies temperatures, which are lower than for coastal areas at the same latitude, and pleasant for much of the year. Prevailing winds in the dry season are generally moderate but occasionally more severe and may bring cool dust-laden air from distant arid regions. The plan is concerned with both the development of gender-responsive actions in response to climate change and the capacity to implement such plans. How has the growth of Lagos caused inequality? Private tourMid-rangeLodge & Self Catering Accommodation, You Visit: Lusaka (Start), Lower Zambezi NP, South Luangwa NP, Mfuwe (End), 468 Clouds form and produce rain. [3][citation needed]. does not contain personal information, cannot be traced back to you, and, Lusakas Climate Compared to Zambias Parks, Zambia The mountains block the passage of rain-producing weather systems, casting a "shadow" of dryness behind them. Three types of rainfall are: Convectional rainfall, this type of rainfall occurs due to thermal convention due to heating of the ground surface. Prevailing winds in the dry season are generally moderate, but occasionally more severe and may bring cool dust-laden air from distant arid regions. International migration from Syria to Europe, Japan A country with a high dependent population. Farmers in the east and south of In January the ITCZ is in its southernmost Historically, Zambia has been prone to extreme rainfall events resulting in widespread flooding. OCHA coordinates the global emergency response to save lives and protect people in humanitarian crises. How have animals adapted to the rainforest environment? as the area had been experiencing a drought before the floods began. Where do volcanoes and earthquakes happen? -. Failure of the rains causes hunger in most cases. In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. This rain flows into rivers and streams and these rivers and streams bring the water back to the sea where the cycle begins again. These cookies do not contain personal information and are not used for analytical or advertising purposes. [2][citation needed], Deciduous trees which lose leaves in the dry season to conserve water predominate over evergreens which have waxy leaf cuticles for the same purpose. [2], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Zambia Seasons | Weather in Zambia - VentureCo Worldwide", International Union for Conservation of Nature, Climate Change Gender Action Plan of the Republic of Zambia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Zambia&oldid=1003499747, Articles needing additional references from January 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. One way in which temperature affects the distribution of large mammals is through the distribution of the tsetse fly, which, within its range is found in hotter valleys rather than the higher, cooler plateau. The climate of Zambia in Central and Southern Africa is definitely tropical modified by altitude (elevation). Noting a map's author is important because the cartographer's perspective will be reflected in . The rains are brought by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and are characterised by thunderstorms, occasionally severe, with much lightning and sometimes hail. This means it has a greater ability to carry water moisture and so there is little rain on the far side of the mountain. There are three main types of rainfall which occur very frequently in the world and depend on a variety of factors. Rainfall in Lusaka amounts to 850 mm (33.5 in) per year, with a maximum from December to February, when about 200 mm (8 in) of rain fall per month, while from May to October, it almost never rains. In Mambwe District, Eastern Province, nearly 300 families were displaced by floods in the first week of January, according to DMMU media reports, with Malambo constituency especially affected. the Western Province are also part of Zone 2.The zone has a total area of 27.4 million ha, of which 87% could be used for agricultural purposes, but only 50% of this is accessible.The remainder has been set aside for national parks, game management areas and forests.Zone 2 is characterised by an annual rainfall As a result, rainfall is usually low on the leeward side of the mountain range and the area is said to be in a rain shadow. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); ACSEE REVIEW QUESTIONS Distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes, Effects of earthquakes and volcanoes on people and the environment, Reducing the impacts of earthquakes and volcanoes, Population and settlement iGCSE Geography, The main causes of a change in population size, A country with a rate of high population growth China, A country which is over-populated Bangladesh, A country which is under-populated Australia, A country with a low rate of population growth or decline Japan. [16] Rainfall intensity results in heavy storms thereby causing floods that cause damage to property and crops. In the UK prevailing winds from the west lead to air rising over upland areas such as the Rocky Mountai. The . Once over the top of the mountain the air will usually drop down the other side, warming as it does so.