Organisms grow and reproduce through cell division. C) It would be spotted. c.) codominance. Homologous pairs line up at the equatorial plate in Metaphase l. Anaphase I follows, as homologs are pulled apart, toward opposite poles of the cell (Figure 7). Best Answer. For further discussion, see cell: Cell division and growth. B) Haploid cells. Metaphase: Spindle fibers (called kinetochore microtubules or kinetochore spindle fibers) that emanate from the centromeres attach to the kinetochore (a proteinaceous area) on the sister chromatids. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. C) body cells. Sex cells, sperms in males, and eggs in females are a result of meiosis. C. N daughter cells. Since every human inherits two copies of chromosome 19 (one from the mothers egg and one from the fathers sperm) a person could have 2 blue alleles, 2 green alleles, or one of each. In many ways! COPD is the fourth largest killer of Australians and smoking is the most important risk factor for COPD. Mitosis is the process by which most cells in the body divide, involves a single round of cell division, and produces two identical, diploid daughter cells. The formation of a cell plate is beginning across the middle of a cell and nuclei are re-forming at. Describe the main differences between mitosis and meiosis, including the types of cells that undergo mitosis and meiosis. Does mitosis produce somatic cells or gametes? Keep clicking on Next at the bottom of the page until you get to the screen: Click on Next at the bottom of the page. If you make a mistake, read the explanation for why you were mistaken before making a new selection. How are meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 different? B) white. (In humans) Number of daughter cells produced by a single parent . Both processes have a growth period called interphase, in which a cell replicates its genetic material and organelles in preparation for division. When during the cell cycle is a cell's DNA replicated? Homologous chromosomes exchange bits of DNA to create genetically unique, hybrid chromosomes destined for . How many chromosomes are in the original parental cell? D) liver, What is another name for ovum? Meiosis is the process by which gametes (sex cells) are generated in organisms that reproduce sexually. Mitosis is the process where the division of cell occurs by asexual reproduction. Meiosis consists of meiosis I and meiosis II. D) dominant. In multicellular organisms,cell division occurs not just to produce a whole new organism but for growth and replacement of worn-out cells within the organisms. This happens in metaphase of mitosis and metaphase II of meiosis. A) 25%. Meiosis progresses through the same phases as mitosis (prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis). https://www.thoughtco.com/differences-between-mitosis-and-meiosis-373390 (accessed March 5, 2023). Meiosis starts from a parent cell that is diploid but will end up producing four haploid gamete cells. Meiosis is the process in eukaryotic, sexually-reproducing animals that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell before reproduction. It is also used for cell reproduction. :) Function Mitosis is for the growth, development, repair of damaged cells and replacement of damaged cells in multi-cellular organisms. The mitotic cell cycle is initiated by the presence of certain growth factors or other signals that indicate that the production of new cells is needed. Metaphase -The chromosomes assemble at the equator at the metaphase plate. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of. B) codominance If an organism is heterozygous for a particular gene, the two different alleles will be separated during anaphase II of meiosis, assuming that no crossing-over has occurred. Sex cells, sperms in males, and eggs in females are a result of meiosis. Question 8. A gene map shows a. the number of possible alleles for a gene b. the relative locations of genes on a chromosome c. where chromosomes are in a cell d. how crossing-over occurs. Human somatic cells contain pairs of homologous chromosomes. Figure 7. This answer is: D) body cells. series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide, BIOL 252L Lab 4: Landmarks of the Distal Femur, Michelle Provost-Craig, Susan J. 7 Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis. Copy. But there is lots of info here. This is called crossing-over and can occur several times along the length of the chromosomes. Process of mitosis results in the production of diploid daughter cells each with same number . three diploid gametes. The joining together of a sperm and egg during fertilisation returns the number of the chromosomes to 46. plants only b.) Let the flight time from Paris to Glasgow be X. Telophase - Two nuclei formed after nuclear envelopes reform around each group of chromosomes. A) zygote Comparing mitosis and meiosis worksheet answers the. Exercise 1: Modeling the Phases of Meiosis. True or False? The [], Nearly everyone knows that smoking causes lung cancer, but did you know that smoking causes a number of other serious lung diseases? At this point, the cell is divided into two. Anaphase The spindle fibres begin to contract. B) two alleles from each parent. In late prophase (often called prometaphase) the nuclear membrane is no longer visible. Both processes also involve the lining up of individual duplicated chromosomes, known as sister chromatids, along the metaphase plate. Etymology: from Greek meisis, meioun (to diminish), from mein (less). At this point in the cell cycle the sister chromatids are held together tightly at the centromere. I like it. A) 2N daughter cells. D) Diploid cells. Location it takes place in Mitosis takes place in all somatic cells! Explanation: Unlike Mitosis, Meiosis results in the formation of 4 Genetically different cells. Chromosomes are still intact and arranged as pairs of homologues(bivalent). D) Pinion trees bear cones every other year. Mitosis is necessary to replace dead cells, damaged cells, or cells that have short life spans. D. growth factors. B) hair Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis is their proper sequence? True or False? Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system? Correct answers: 2 question: Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation ofa. Cell division in mitosis results in the production of two daughter cells. multiple alleles. Crossing-over rarely occurs in mitosis, unlike meiosis. In diploid species such as humans, meiosis results in in four (4) daughter cells that originate from a single diploid germ cell. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. Unlike mitosis, meiosis in male mammals results in the production of A) one haploid gamete B) three diploid ga Get the answers you need, now! These sex cells are haploid. What is the result of mitosis and cytokinesis? diploid cells. The nuclear membrane is intact. Meiosis involves two rounds of a sequential series of steps (meiosis I and meiosis II). b. haploid cells. 18. A) a homologous pair of chromosomes, each made of two chromatids. Meiosis starts from a parent cell that is diploid but will end up producing four haploid gamete cells. C. Repeat the experiments in the article. For the trait of blood type in humans, there is an allele for Type A, an allele for Type B, and an allele for Type O. Meiosis also plays an important role in the repair of genetic defects in germline cells. How does fungal mitosis differ from animal mitosis? A monogenic gene gives rise to a trait from a single set of alleles. If a homologous pair of chromosomes fails to separate during meiosis I, what will be the result? Is embryonic development caused by mitosis or meiosis? B) It would be white. Both mitosis and meiosis involve phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. What is being separated during anaphase of mitosis? c four genetically identical cells . Mitosis consists of four basic phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. incomplete dominance. If element X has 72 protons, then it has 72 electrons. In prophase I of meiosis, crossing over results in [{Blank}]. Mitosis and Meiosis are two different types of cell division processes, which lead to the production of new cells. Both the processes occur in the M-phase of the cell cycle. B. tumors. New gene combinations are introduced in a population through the genetic recombination that occurs during meiosis. This is very helpful for me. Thus, the cells have been reduced from diploid (2n) to haploid (n) (Figure 8). At the beginning of S phase, chromosomes are single and unreplicated. Figure 12. What is the outcome when a cell undergoes meiosis? B) haploid cells. Metaphase I Chromosomes adjust on the metaphase plate. The old name for meiosis was reduction/ division. Interphase. Don't hesitate to ask questions and start discussions whenever you need professional advice. Cell division is always highly regulated and follows a highly orchestrated series of steps. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. A brief treatment of mitosis follows. The nucleolus is visible. B) homozygous. The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of. If in Prophase I chromosomes are condensed and meet up to form homologous pairs, what occurs in Prophase II? What is a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal? A) incomplete dominance. How does metaphase in meiosis I and meiosis II differ? Concept note-3: Answer: Explanation: Unlike Mitosis, Meiosis results in the formation of 4 Genetically different cells. Does synapsis occur in mitosis or meiosis? What are the different forms of a gene called? C) Both parents contributed a recessive allele. In mitosis of a single cell, the nucleus does what? electrons. This happens simultaneously in all the chromosomes. Compare and contrast the stages of mitosis and meiosis and discuss why each type of cell division is necessary for survival. Both mitosis and meiosis take place in the cell nuclei, which can be observed under a microscope. What is the difference between interphase and mitosis? Meiosis results in the formation of 4 Haploid daughter cells from one Diploid parent cell. Blood type is inherited as a polygenic trait. Variation in human skin color is an example of Process in which homologous chromosomes trade parts. In one person, one allele might code for blue eyes and the other allele codes for green eyes. Mitosis is a form of cell division where the cell splits into two, each identical to the original cell. D) speckled. This process is called meiosis, and without it, humans, oak trees, beetles, and all other sexually-reproducing organisms would be vastly different than they are today. At the end of mitosis, two daughter cells are formed that are identical to the original (parent) cell. Thus, unlike the two genetically identical cells produced in mitosis, the meiotic cell cycle produces four cells that are genetically different. Tetrad or bivalent is the structure that is formed. What does unlike mitosis meiosis in male mammals result in the formation of? This is completed by the end of Metaphase II (Figure 9). B) determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses. Thus, for each pair of homologous chromosomes, one should be red and one should be blue. In both cycles, synthesis of DNA takes place. The stages of Mitosis are: Prophase - The chromosomes shorten and thicken. As in mitosis, it is spindle fibres that pull the chromosomes and chromatids apart in meiosis. -Answer and Explanation: The correct answer: Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of B) haploid cells. ____14. Unlike mitosis, the end of meiosis usually results in the formation of a. two genetically identical cells. However, unlike mitosis, meiosis involves two rounds of cellular division (meiosis I and meiosis II). Asexual mode of reproduction is observed for mitosis. Because the number of alleles was reduced during meiosis . This process is very essential in the formation of the sperm and egg cells necessary for sexual reproduction. 1. Cytokinesis (splitting of the cytoplasm): In animal cells and all other eukaryotes without a cell wall, cytokinesis is achieved by means of a constricting belt of protein fibers that slide past each other near the equator of the cell. Then the flight time from Glasgow to Paris will be (X+10). Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Cells that contain two copies of each chromosome are called diploid (2n, where n is the number of different chromosomes in a single set). Question 10. If element X has 72 protons, how many electrons does it have? Mitosis involves the division of body cells, while meiosis involves the division of sex cells. 4.8. What specifically separates during mitosis? -is what's meant by the phrase "The domesticated generations fell Weegy: A suffix is added to the end of a word to alter its meaning. What is the result when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis? A) Oak trees get taller as they grow. When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _____ occurs What structures are present in a plant cell, but not in an animal cell? If an organism has 16 chromosomes in each of its egg cells, the organism's diploid number is 32. Why is this important? Unlike in mitosis, the daughter cells produced during meiosis are genetically diverse. B) Both parents were short. For example, human chromosome #19 contains a gene for eye color. I am a Byjus lover D) four alleles from each parent. Cytokinesis II occurs after Telophase II to complete cell division and ultimately the production of four (4) daughter cells (Figure 11). What is the typical result when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis? Unlike mitosis, meiosis usually results in the formation of what? D. Check for mistakes and bias. ___________________, How many chromosomes are in each daughter cell? The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores at the centromere and extend to the poles of the cell. Which phase of meiosis is most similar to the anaphase of mitosis (remember you MUST have I or II following the stages in meiosis) and describe why. 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The nucleolus is visible. A brief treatment of meiosis follows. The meiosis cell cycle has two main stages of division -- Meiosis I and Meiosis II. When tetrads form, the inner non-sister chromatids of the tetrad pair can exchange DNA by a process known as crossing over. D) sister chromatids are pulled apart during meiosis I, but not during mitosis. A) predict the traits of the offspring of genetic crosses. Place a red bead on an inner blue (paternal) chromatid to represent DNA from the maternal chromatid. In this lesson, learn about the process of meiosis, what is produced by the process of meiosis, genetic recombination in meiosis, and crossing over in mitosis. Concept note-4: The number of protons and electrons in an atom is always the same. B) incomplete dominance. Yes, Mitosis is the type of cell division that is responsible for the replacement of damaged tissues. B) meiosis I produces 2 haploid daughter cells, but mitosis produces 2 diploid daughter cells. These include chronic bronchitis and emphysema, collectively known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. In animals, meiosis only occurs in the cells that give rise to the sex cells (gametes), i.e., the egg and the sperm. The division of a cell occurs once in mitosis but twice in meiosis. "7 Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis." What is a major difference between meiosis 2 and mitosis? Using models is a great way to represent natural structures and processes that are too small, or too large, or too complex to observe directly. The single egg is a very large cell, as you can see from the human egg also shown in Figure 7.5. How are mitosis and meiosis similar and different? Whenever an individual stops drinking, the BAL will ________________. B) the four copies of a chromosome that are normally present in cells. How is meiosis different in males and females with respect to the maturation of sperm and oocyte? Cancer cells form masses of cells called To maintain this state, the egg and sperm that unite during fertilization must be . The cells produced (egg or sperm, in humans) are haploid (n rather than 2n) and will either unite (via fertilization) or die. Cells that divide by meiosis prepare for cellular division (during interphase) much like every other cell. Sister Chromatids: Definition and Example, A Genetics Definition of Homologous Chromosomes, What Is Synapsis? True or False? 20/3 Exercise 4: Determining Time Spent in Different Phases of the Cell Cycle (Optional), (Number of cells in a stage Total number of cells) x 1440 (min in a day) = minutes a cell spends, Time (in minutes) spent in Stage use calculation above, Belwood, Jacqueline; Rogers, Brandy; and Christian, Jason, Foundations of Biology Lab Manual (Georgia Highlands College). The result is two genetically identical sister chromatids (However, do note that interphase is technically not a part of mitosis because it takes place between one mitotic phase and the next). Which of the following explains why normal cells grown in a petri dish tend to stop growing once they have covered the bottom of the dish? What are their similarities and differences? Give an example of a monogenic and polygenic trait. Hall, William C. Rose, BIOLOGY LAB L100: WEEK 6: Mitosis & Meiosis. This diploid cell with 2 homologous pairs of chromosomes will be modeled as it moves through the following phases of mitosis: How do the daughter cells you formed compare to the original parent cell? When a sperm and an egg join in fertilization, the two haploid sets of chromosomes form a complete diploid set: a new genome. Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. Which occurs more frequently, mitosis or meiosis? They Are Two Very Different Processes That Have Two Different Functions. What mass of HNO3\mathrm { HNO } _ { 3 }HNO3 is present in 250.0 mL of a nitric acid solution having a pH= 5.10? Which of the following is a phase of mitosis? Are all somatic cells produced by mitosis? C) metaphase I C) gray. Mitosis is a complex and highly regulated process. Lab 10: Mitosis & Meiosis, (2019). Q. B. How many chromosomes are found in a human gamete? In biology, when we talk about cells multiplying, we mean they are increasing in number. The fibers arrange the pairs so that homologs are on opposite sides of the metaphase plate (aka equatorial plane). Meiosis results in four haploid cells. Meiosis, on the other hand, is the division of a germ cell involving two fissions . What do chromosomes do only once in mitosis and meiosis? Meiosis results in the formation of 4 Haploid daughter cells from one Diploid parent cell. Unlike Mitosis, Meiosis results in the formation of. The four cells have the identical DNA sequences. The cell grows. Phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and makes a copy of its DNA. Many [], The efficient working of a free market economy requires that the producer firms must have incentives to work hard and produce goods and services at the lowest possible cost per unit of output Market economies provide incentives to the firms and individuals by recognising and enforcing the property rights of the individuals and firms to [], There are three different ways 3D printers work but they all rely on the printer converting a design into individual 2D slices which are then combined to make the final 3D object. Meiosis is a process that ensures the formation of haploid gamete cells in sexually reproducing diploid organisms . 4. C) polar body 3. During Prophase II, chromosomes containing two sister chromatids are lined up on the equator of each daughter cell by the spindle fibers. This is the reduction division; chromosome number is divided in half. Mitosis was discovered by Walther Flamming, while meiosis was discovered by Oscar Hertwig. Meiosis: Four daughter cells are produced. A) multiple alleles. 5. In mitosis, the nuclear membrane is broken down, spindle fibres (microtubules) attach to the chromatids at the centromere and pull apart the chromatids. One of the fun things about biology is that the words multiplication and division mean the same thing. What abbreviation do we use to represent haploid? Which of the following is a phase of mitosis? It also helps in producing, Answer: A. At the end of mitosis, two daughter cells are formed that are identical to the original (parent) cell. The first method uses a pool of chemicals that turns solid when light, typically a UV laser, is shone on to it. Prophase. Describe the geometry around each of the three central atoms in the CH3COOH\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COOH}CH3COOH molecule. in the midst of them is this Mitosis And Meiosis Quiz With Answers Pdf that can be your partner. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called Which part of meiosis is the same as mitosis? C) determine which species should be used in genetic crosses. Change data to support results. In meiosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase occur twice. Each daughter cell gets one complete set of chromosomes, i.e., one of each homologous pair of chromosomes. The answer is A because meiosis reproduces asexually which means they are able to inherit the genes of only one parent. Does synapsis occur in mitosis and meiosis? Mitosis results in two cells, whereas meiosis results in ___________ cells. Alert your instructor if the chromosomes in your bag differ from those below. All rights reserved. During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing, One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have. D. a grieving man. C. a dead woman Anaphase - Chromatids break apart at the centromere and move to opposite poles. A heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short plant. Mitosis is complete at the end of this stage. The gametes can then meet, during reproduction, and fuse to create a new zygote. Which event occurs during interphase? How is the formation of the spindle during mitosis and meiosis I different? Pieces of equivalent segments of non-sister chromatids can be exchanged from one chromatid to the other. However,the tecnique they used was coiling consecutive rings of clay on top of each other and smoothing the surface by hand. Are mitosis and meiosis asexual reproduction? Unlike Mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of: A) 2n daughter cells B) haploid cells C) body cells D). Paired homologous chromosomes are called tetrads and are said to be in synapsis. What is the role of the spindle during mitosis? Meiosis II is very similar to mitosis; chromatids are separated into separate nuclei. Most human cells (skin, muscle, bone, etc.) Answer: Option B Solution: Unlike Mitosis, Meiosis results in the formation of 4 Genetically different cells. Examine a slide of a longitudinal section of an onion root tip. C) sex Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be The nuclear membrane is present, and visible, as is the nucleolus. Mitosis: The resulting daughter cells in mitosis are genetic clones (they are genetically identical). During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell? It is divided into several stages that include, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. It occurs in the following 4 separate phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. A trait is a specific characteristic that can vary from one individual to another. Ball goes in (thwack) to mitt, and goes out (thwack) back to mitt. This is an example of onomatopoeia. In meiosis I the sister chromatids stay together.