* Naive scientist (Psychology) - Definition - Lexicon & Encyclopedia - MiMi Congratulations on this excellent venture what a great idea! Acting as a cognitive miser should lead those with expertise in an area to more efficient information processing and streamlined decision making. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Artifact /Sect What are In-groups and Out-groups? [5][6] These shortcuts include the use of schemas, scripts, stereotypes, and other simplified perceptual strategies instead of careful thinking. Known as the knowledge deficit model, this point of view is based on idealistic assumptions that education for science literacy could increase public support of science, and the focus of science communication should be increasing scientific understanding among lay public. The nave scientist is someone who believes that they can understand the world through observation and experiment. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /P 3 0 R -Groupthink: mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives -Door in the face: have someone respond negatively to a negative request, then positively to a smaller one /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain how and why people are cognitive misers. things that change one's thinking (cognitive miser vs naive scientist) . 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R Fugelsang . /Parent 2 0 R 70413 lego Top 5 Produkte unter der Lupe! /StructParents 11 Multiple Knowing Processes | SpringerLink /CS /DeviceRGB ", -Kurt Lewin: influences - fascism / final solution and gestalt principle (things are assigned by humans). /Widths [250 0 0 0 0 0 778 0 0 0 not only vary in content but in structure too in terms of the intra-category 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /F1 21 0 R endobj In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solveproblems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. /Type /Page endobj /Type /Page System 1 always operates automatically, with our easiest shortcut but often with error. [40] Kruglanski proposed that people are combination of nave scientists and cognitive misers: people are flexible social thinkers who choose between multiple cognitive strategies (i.e., speed/ease vs. accuracy/logic) based on their current goals, motives, and needs.[40]. /S /Transparency /ExtGState << In this sense people are strategic instead of passively choosing the most effortless shortcuts when they allocate their cognitive efforts, and therefore they can decide to be nave scientists or cognitive misers depending on their goals. The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributionalbiases to explain when and why people are cognitive misers. %PDF-1.3 if we can find evidence that matches hypothesis is true /BaseFont /Times-Bold Cognitive miser explained >> social Introducing Ask an Expert DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R Stereotypes are formed from the outside sources which identified with people's own interests and can be reinforced since people could be impressed by those facts that fit their philosophy. Once a category is activated we tend t see members as possessing all the What is conformity? -Social facilitation: enhancement of performance brought out by the presence of others What is social comparison theory? ]"&4v PSYC 137 Chapter 1-6 - Summary Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture - PSYC 137 Chapter 1: Point: - StuDocu Chapters 1-6 psyc 137 chapter notes chapter introduction main point: nave psychology and cognitive psychology are themes in social cognition research. -Between groups: overestimate differences, view the other groups as more homogeneous. AS such, categorization provides /Tabs /S 3 0 obj Cognitive miserliness - I'm too busy to think about that! - LinkedIn Describe Anchoring & Adjustment Heuristic: audio not yet available for this language, NAIVE SCIENTIST: people use rational scientific-like cause-effectanalyses to understand the world, COGNITIVE MISER: people use the least complex & demandingcognitions that are able to produce generally adaptivebehaviours, IMPRESSION FORMATION: the way in which we developperceptions of a person, Personality Recency: information presented later has more impact thanearlier information, Self schema: individualised knowledge structures about the self, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":true,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Week 3 Social Psychology","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/week-3-social-psychology-7549740","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. This second effect helped to lay the foundation for Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser. /Tabs /S /Tabs /S /Parent 2 0 R /GS7 27 0 R 269273 . /Slide /Part [2][34] Yet certain pitfalls may be neglected in these shortcuts. -Cognitive Misers: take shortcuts whenever possible, value ease and efficiency at the expense of accuracy. -Causes: the benefit of anonymity, -Prejudice: drawing negative conclusions about a person, group of people, or situation prior to evaluating the evidence You could also do it yourself at any point in time. Therefore, we try to spend as little as possible in most caseswe are misers who try to protect our resources for important judgments. What is the Fundamental Attribution Error? [8] In this way, humans were thought to think like scientists, albeit nave ones, measuring and analyzing the world around them. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding Contrast the wage and salary share to the profit share in terms of relative size. Some pieces of information have a disproportionately largeinfluence on the shaping of the whole, Central traits: traits that have a disproportionate impact on overall impressions, Peripheral traits: traits that have little impact on overall impressions. Just as the behaviorist, reinforced leaner gave way to actively thinking organisms throughout the formative periods of social-cognition research, so too did view of the social thinker develop, roughly divided by decade: the naive scientist (1970s), the cognitive miser (1980s), the motivated tactician (1990s), and the activated actor (2000s). /Type /Page /Group << The cognitive miser theory is an . How does a "flawed scientist" reason? /GS8 28 0 R -Pluralistic ignorance: error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do >> -employ equal status contact, need equal opportunities, -Need to belong: a motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing, positive interactions. [37], The dual processing system can produce cognitive illusions. /CS /DeviceRGB /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /CS /DeviceRGB How pervasive is prejudice today? continued demands and government responses are therefore unfair, racism is wrong, my beliefs are not racist they are based on facts -Characteristics of the messenger: attractive, credible, similar to oneself. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] [12], The study of attributions had two effects: it created further interest in testing the naive scientist and opened up a new wave of socialpsychology research that questioned its explanatory power. What are the major forms of household income? Here is an example of how people's belief are formed under the dual process model in several steps: The reasoning process can be activated to help with the intuition when: Conflicts also exists in this dual-process. -Treatment: appoint a devils advocate. 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R << A brief example provided by Kahneman is that when we try not to stare at the oddly dressed couple at the neighboring table in a restaurant, our automatic reaction (System 1) makes us stare at them, but conflicts emerge as System 2 tries to control this behavior. 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain when and why people are cognitive misers. In addition to streamlining cognition in complicated, analytical tasks, the cognitive miser approach is also used when dealing with unfamiliar issues and issues of great importance. Introduce and define the consistency seeker, nave scientist, But the problem remains that although these shortcuts could not compare to effortful thoughts in accuracy, people should have a certain parameter to help them adopt one of the most adequate shortcuts. Errors can be prevented only by enhanced monitoring of System 2, which costs a plethora of cognitive efforts. Introduce and define the consistency seeker, nave scientist, and the cognitive miser philosophical anthropologies. /ModDate (D:20160705122909+07'00') Social Thinkers - Issuu Social Cognitive Psychology : History and Current Domains - Google Books (a) Graph this equation with a graphing calculator and the window ttt-min =2,t=-2, t=2,t-max =10=10=10; SSS-min =20,Smax=250=-20, S-\max =250=20,Smax=250. PDF FISKE & TAYLOR / SOCIAL COGNITION: FROM BRAINS TO CULTURE 2e What is a meta-analysis? I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like. The Nave Scientist Attribution theory Making Attributions Attributional Biases The Cognitive Miser Heuristics The Motivated Tactician Social Categorization Basic Principles Why Do We Categorize? /Type /StructTreeRoot 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R] /Type /Page << -Cognitive dissonance: an unpleasant state of tension between two or more conflicting thoughts, -Self perception theory: theory that we acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviors The basic principle is to save mental energy as much as possible, even when it is required to "use your head". [15] Fiske and Taylor, building upon the prevalence of heuristics in human cognition, offered their theory of the cognitive miser. -O6'3:gLM./HP7f_Pm.Td]o>/pv/%]*+x/v]s&huL?tF&|A{>[#ncBq7_ \* gUF g53sV{jwL~*Q?L"\Nc7S;Jv_TO#,$=wa)3bpmn0`n^m9s;'g0lOwPO qu?tv,. What is the difference between situational factors and dispositional factors? -Discrimination:negative behavior to members of out groups. >> /F1 21 0 R q*15Q[7t. 1,000 & 12,000 [2], The metaphor of the cognitive miser assumes that the human mind is limited in time, knowledge, attention, and cognitive resources. 29 0 obj /CS /DeviceRGB [30] Framing theory suggest that the same topic will result in different interpretations among audience, if the information is presented in different ways. Rational and Irrational Thought: The Thinking That IQ Tests Miss -Ethic of social responsibility: being the target is frustrating System 2 may also have no clue to the error. /StructParents 8 2,000 & 11,000 \\ The cognitive miser is someone who is reluctant to think deeply about things. As cognitive simplification, it is useful for realistic economic management, otherwise people will be overwhelmed by the complexity of the real rationales. -2008 first black president [>>>] /F1 21 0 R What are its three components of prejudice? How does the brain respond to social rejection? 25 0 obj Naive scientist Heider (1958a) argued that ordinary people are scientific, rational thinkers who make causal attribution s using similar processes to those of scientists. >> endobj /Footnote /Note Chapter 3 Flashcards | Chegg.com 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 0 500 0 << What topics are of interest to Social Psychologists? << In other words, this theory suggests that humans are, in fact, both naive scientists and cognitive misers. 3,000 & 10,000 \\ -Attribution: process of assigning causes to behavior. Applying this framework to human thought processes, nave scientists seek the consistency and stability that comes from a coherent view of the world and need for environmental control. can use quick, automatic heuristics without deliberating in some contexts & controlled, effortful thinking with carefuldeliberation in others, SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE Explores the neurologicalunderpinnings of processestraditionally examined by socialpsychology, use of fMRI to study brainphenomena, e.g. 1 0 obj >> Which of the following is a theoretical example of a consistency seeker model of social cognition? >> When does anonymity lead to negative social behaviors? /Type /Font /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Our pages contain various quotes with which our editorial team does not always agree. >> Lippmann therefore suggested that the public "cannot be wise", since they can be easily misled by overly simplified reality which is consistent with their pre-existing pictures in mind, and any disturbance of the existing stereotypes will seem like "an attack upon the foundation of the universe". if we can't find evidence that matches the hypothesis is false. 1 [73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R /F6 26 0 R << 5 0 obj [9][pageneeded]. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] [4] Usually people do not think rationally or cautiously, but use cognitive shortcuts to make inferences and form judgments. Psych Guide #11 - Social Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet endobj /S /Transparency 72 0 R] List and Describe the Algebraic Impression Formation types: The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. /Subtype /TrueType Later models suggest that the cognitive miser and the nave scientist create two poles of social cognition that are too monolithic. The term stereotype is thus introduced: people have to reconstruct the complex situation on a simpler model before they can cope with it, and the simpler model can be regarded as stereotype. /ExtGState << (1950s) a. >> [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. /Type /ExtGState >> /Parent 2 0 R /FirstChar 32 /Dialogsheet /Part /F3 23 0 R >> Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. When can it enhance social behavior? According to conspiracy theorists, the actress Megan Fox has died and been replaced by lookalikes - not once, but twice (Credit: Getty Images) One, somewhat humbling, explanation is that we are all. -Threat of isolation: can lead us to behave in self-destructive ways and even impair, -Tendency of group discussion to strengthen the dominant positions held by group members. /StructParents 5 concept, type of stimulus). Stolz . [34], The theory that human beings are cognitive misers, also shed light on the dual process theory in psychology. economic zones to fisheries. The nave scientist Pioneering social psychologist Fritz Heider wanted to build a basic theory of the social mind, and to do that he aimed to establish the fundamental guiding principles that drive social behaviour. << Cookie policy. Gordon . 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R providing prescriptive norms for understanding ourselves in relations to where ttt is the time in seconds since the ball was thrown. we want consistency between prior beliefs about the world and our interpretations of new situations, individuals gather relevant information un-selectively and construct social reality in an unbiased way, strives to simplify cognitive process specifically under time pressure, many strategies depending on the situation important -> naive scientist, a class of objects that we believe belong together, schema can be defined by list of necessary and sufficient attributes, hard to specify defining features/members vary a great deal in their typically/ some cases are unclear, categories are organized around attibutes that are only characteristic of the category; they don't define it, prototype view- representation is abstracted list of most characteristic feature 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 The Cognitive miser model is a view of information processing that assumes the human mind is rather limited in time, knowledge, attention, and cognitive resources. 5 0 obj According to Walter Lippmann's arguments in his classic book Public Opinion,[13] people are not equipped to deal with complexity. /ToUnicode 367 0 R /Producer [23], Cognitive misers could also be one of the contributors to the prisoner's dilemma in gaming theory. >> On the other hand, in Lippmann's view, people are told about the world before they see it. 13 0 obj What sort of characteristics go together to form certain types of personality? [15] Fiske and Taylor, building upon the prevalence of heuristics in human cognition, offered their theory of the cognitive miser. /S /Transparency Attempting to observe things freshly and in detail is mentally exhausting, especially among busy affairs. /StructParents 9 -Participants administered at least some shocks and 62% showed complete obedience, administering all the shocks, -State of mind where someone believes in absolute obedience or submission to one's own authority as well as oppressing subordinates. [1] Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending cognitive effort. /CS /DeviceRGB what other things is equivalent to and what other things are different from (, -Categories ORDER EFFECTS: order in which information about person is presented can have profound impact on impression, Primacy: information presented first disproportionately influenceimpression (stronger & more common). /F4 24 0 R /StructParents 0 come up with 6 examples - YES come up with 12 examples- NO, try to adjust for anchor but never adjust enough, testing hypothesis by seeking out the cases that match the hypothesis. /Type /Group This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. a. instead, they are strategic in their allocation of cognitive resources, deciding whether to b a cognitive miser or a naive scientist depending on the situation: Term. If the statement is always true, explain why. -Out group: (them) % Olivier . Fiske and Taylor (1984) used the term "cognitive miser" to refer to broad tendencies to resist new ideas, to minimize effortful thought, and to avoid revising one's beliefs. /Group << ->Eastern: connectedness, harmony, commonality, holistic thinking, duties and obligations. What is the dual process model of persuasion? << [2][20] Given the limited information processing capabilities of individuals, people are always trying to adopt strategies that simplify complex problems. -In group: (us) [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. A schema is a cognitive framework that helps organize and interpret information. certain conditions. << /Annotation /Sect /Contents 41 0 R /GS7 27 0 R A practical example of cognitive misers' way of thinking in risk assessment of Deepwater Horizon explosion, is presented below. -Asch did the test with the lines of different sizes, used confederates which stated the wrong answer, this made the real subject more likely to say the wrong answer even when they had written down the right one 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R] The implications of this theory raise important questions about both cognition and humanbehavior. << [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. 0 0 0 611 611 667 0 611 611 722 a. Cognitive dissonance theory b. Attribution theories c. Dual-process models d. Neuropsychological models 12. >> /GS8 28 0 R /F3 23 0 R Instead, Fiske, Taylor, and Arie W. Kruglanski and other social psychologists offer an alternative explanation of social cognition: the motivated tactician. -Affective or emotional component (fear, negative evaluations) How did Asch study conformity? -Tied to these beliefs applied to all aspects of our lives, it saves us time and cognitive processing, -It is a social issue, what is the societal problem? [1] Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending cognitive effort. . /GS7 27 0 R /Tabs /S One of the more naive efforts at such reconciliation . The process of understanding what something is by knowing /Group << be a cognitive miser, and second categorization clarifies and redefines our COGNITIVE MISER: people use the least complex & demandingcognitions that are able to produce generally adaptivebehaviours people are limited in capacity to process information, take numerous cognitive shortcuts In unserem Vergleich haben wir die unterschiedlichsten 70413 lego am Markt unter die Lupe genommen und die wichtigsten Eigenschaften, die Kostenstruktur und die Bewertungen der Kunden abgewogen. /F4 24 0 R Solved Question 33 (Mandatory) (1 point) The perspective - Chegg A practical example of cognitive misers' way of thinking in risk assessment of DeepwaterHorizonexplosion, is presented below. >> /Creator (alibabadownload.com) 5,000 & 8,000 \\ ], People tend to use heuristic shortcuts when making decisions. /Contents 40 0 R by Emma2201, /DescendantFonts [366 0 R] ->discrimination is a thing of the past, African Americans are pushing too hard, their gains have been excessive. Why has research focused on European-American prejudice against minority groups? /GS7 27 0 R Question 7 1.5 / 1.5 points What general approach to studying and thinking about person perception assumes that people will generally put in little effort to thinking about the causes of other people's behavior?